Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 110
“You are to tell him: ‘Have no fear, Prince Vladímir: across the rivers have been built hazel-tree bridges, the transoms are of oak covered with cloth of purple and with nails of tin.
Who acts: sea, tree bridges · What happens: be, have, build, cover · To what, where: sea, fear, rivers, oak · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea, tree bridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 tell | punct |
| 2 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 tell | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tell | cop |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 tell | mark |
| 5 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 tell | iobj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Have | punct |
| 8 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 Have | punct |
| 9 | Have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tell | ccomp |
| 10 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 11 fear | det |
| 11 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Have | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 Vladímir | punct |
| 13 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Vladímir | nmod:desc |
| 14 | Vladímir | Vladímir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 fear | appos |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 built | punct |
| 16 | across | across | ADP | _ | 18 rivers | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 rivers | det |
| 18 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 built | obl |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 built | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 built | aux:pass |
| 21 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 tell | advcl |
| 22 | hazel | hazel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 tree | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 hazel | punct |
| 24 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bridges | compound |
| 25 | bridges | bridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 oak | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 transoms | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 transoms | det |
| 28 | transoms | transom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 bridges | conj |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 oak | cop |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 oak | case |
| 31 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 built | parataxis |
| 32 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 oak | acl |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 cloth | case |
| 34 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 covered | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 purple | case |
| 36 | purple | purple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 cloth | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 nails | cc |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 nails | case |
| 39 | nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 purple | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 tin | case |
| 41 | tin | tin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 nails | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be speech: assert in a quote | present | sea | sea | tell property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | have in a quote | present | no fear | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient | |||||
| 3 | build in a quote | present · perfect · passive | sea not said here | the rivers | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V» | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | tree bridges and the transoms | of oak | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | cover in a quote | participle | oak not said here | with cloth of purple and nails of tin | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cloth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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