Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 120
And the Prince looked backwards: all of his generals were lying on their backs.
Who acts: Prince, all · What happens: look, lie · To what, where: backs
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 looked | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Prince | det |
| 3 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 looked | nsubj |
| 4 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 4 looked | advmod |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 lying | punct |
| 7 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 lying | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 generals | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 generals | nmod:poss |
| 10 | generals | general | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 all | nmod |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 lying | aux |
| 12 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 looked | advcl |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 backs | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 backs | nmod:poss |
| 15 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 lying | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | the Prince | backwards property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | lie | past · progressive | all of Prince's generals | generals's backs | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/4/120/