Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 42
Take hold of him by his beard and beat him until he asks you, ‘Why do you beat me, Danílo the Unfortunate?’
Who acts: you, sea · What happens: take, beat, ask, hold · To what, where: hold, sea, you, me
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Take | take | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Take | obj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 him | case |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 hold | nmod |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 beard | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 beard | nmod:poss |
| 7 | beard | beard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Take | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 beat | cc |
| 9 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 1 Take | conj |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 beat | obj |
| 11 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 13 asks | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 asks | nsubj |
| 13 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 beat | advcl |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 asks | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 beat | punct |
| 16 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 beat | punct |
| 17 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 beat | advmod |
| 18 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 beat | aux |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 beat | nsubj |
| 20 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Take | parataxis |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 beat | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Danílo | punct |
| 23 | Danílo | Danílo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 beat | vocative |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Unfortunate | det |
| 25 | Unfortunate | unfortunate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 beat | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Take | punct |
| 27 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 1 Take | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | imperative | you not said here | hold of sea | by sea's beard | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme | |||
| 2 | beat | infinitive | you not said here | sea | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | present | sea | you | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | beat | present · do-support | you | me | Danílo vocative; the Unfortunate obl:unmarked | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location i=Theme | |||
| 5 | hold | sea | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/4/42/