Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 44
Then Danílo the Unfortunate went to the blue sea, and he stood in front of the dusky oak: and at midnight the blue sea was disturbed and Chúdo-Yúda, the Old Man of the Sea, appeared before him.
Who acts: Danílo, DANÍLO, Chúdo · What happens: go, stand, disturb, appear · To what, where: blue sea, front
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Danílo, DANÍLO, Chúdo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 went | advmod |
| 2 | Danílo | Danílo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 went | nsubj |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Unfortunate | det |
| 4 | Unfortunate | unfortunate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 sea | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sea | det |
| 8 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sea | amod |
| 9 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 stood | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 stood | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 stood | nsubj |
| 13 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 front | case |
| 15 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 stood | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 oak | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 oak | det |
| 18 | dusky | dusky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 oak | amod |
| 19 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 front | nmod |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 disturbed | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 disturbed | cc |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 midnight | case |
| 23 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 disturbed | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 sea | det |
| 25 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 sea | amod |
| 26 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 disturbed | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 disturbed | aux:pass |
| 28 | disturbed | disturb | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 stood | parataxis |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 appeared | cc |
| 30 | Chúdo | Chúdo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 appeared | nsubj |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 Yúda | punct |
| 32 | Yúda | Yúda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Chúdo | flat |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Man | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Man | det |
| 35 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 Man | amod |
| 36 | Man | Man | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Chúdo | conj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Sea | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Sea | det |
| 39 | Sea | Sea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Man | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Chúdo | punct |
| 41 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 disturbed | conj |
| 42 | before | before | ADP | _ | 43 him | case |
| 43 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 appeared | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | Danílo | the blue sea | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to sea=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | stand | past | DANÍLO = danílo | front of the dusky oak | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | ||||
| 3 | disturb | past · passive | the blue sea | midnight | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | appear | past | Chúdo and the Old Man of the Sea | before sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before he=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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