Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 15
In Nóvgorod there were one or two churches to St. Elijah of the Drought, and St. Elijah of the Rain, to be consulted as occasion required.
Who acts: one churches · What happens: be, consult, require · To what, where: Nóvgorod, Elijah, occasion
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one churches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Nóvgorod | case |
| 2 | Nóvgorod | Nóvgorod | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 were | obl |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 were | expl |
| 4 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 churches | nummod |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 two | cc |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 one | conj |
| 8 | churches | church | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 were | nsubj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Elijah | case |
| 10 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Elijah | nmod:desc |
| 11 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 churches | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Drought | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Drought | det |
| 14 | Drought | Drought | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Elijah | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 consulted | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 consulted | cc |
| 17 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Elijah | nmod:desc |
| 18 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 consulted | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Rain | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Rain | det |
| 21 | Rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Elijah | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 consulted | punct |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 consulted | mark |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 consulted | aux:pass |
| 25 | consulted | consult | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 were | conj |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 occasion | case |
| 27 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 consulted | obl |
| 28 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 occasion | acl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | one churches to Elijah St. of the Drought | Nóvgorod; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nóvgorod=Location | ||||
| 2 | consult | to-infinitive · passive | Elijah St. of the Rain | as occasion | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Theme as occasion=Value | ||||
| 3 | require | participle | occasion not said here | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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