Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 18
_ The hawk is one of the most common references in Russian folk-lore, and the reference to the clear-eyed hawk is one of the strongest metaphors.
Who acts: hawk, reference · What happens: be · To what, where: one
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, reference), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 one | punct |
| 2 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hawk | det |
| 3 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 one | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 one | cop |
| 5 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 references | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 references | det |
| 8 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 9 common | advmod |
| 9 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 references | amod |
| 10 | references | reference | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 one | nmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 lore | case |
| 12 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 lore | amod |
| 13 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 lore | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 folk | punct |
| 15 | lore | lore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 references | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 one | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 one | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 reference | det |
| 19 | reference | reference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 one | nsubj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 hawk | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 hawk | det |
| 22 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 eyed | amod |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 clear | punct |
| 24 | eyed | eyed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 hawk | amod |
| 25 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 reference | nmod |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 one | cop |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 one | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 metaphors | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 metaphors | det |
| 30 | strongest | strong | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 metaphors | amod |
| 31 | metaphors | metaphor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 one | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 one | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the hawk | one | of the common references in Russian folk lore | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | present | the reference to the eyed hawk | one | of the strongest metaphors | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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