Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 2
Long thin laths are stuck on to an iron spike, and lit; a pail of water is placed below into which the cinders fall; these lamps must be renewed as they burn down, and the charred ends swept up.
Who acts: cinders, lamps, charred ends · What happens: stick on, lit, place, fall, renew, burn down · To what, where: Long thin laths, pail, lamps
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cinders, lamps, charred ends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 laths | amod |
| 2 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 laths | amod |
| 3 | laths | lath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 stuck | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 stuck | aux:pass |
| 5 | stuck | stick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 stuck | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 spike | case |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 spike | det |
| 9 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 spike | compound |
| 10 | spike | spike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stuck | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 lit | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 lit | cc |
| 13 | lit | lit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 stuck | advcl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 placed | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pail | det |
| 16 | pail | pail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 placed | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 water | case |
| 18 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 pail | nmod |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 placed | aux:pass |
| 20 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 stuck | conj |
| 21 | below | below | ADV | _ | 20 placed | advmod |
| 22 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 which | case |
| 23 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 fall | obl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 cinders | det |
| 25 | cinders | cinder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 fall | nsubj |
| 26 | fall | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 placed | advcl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 renewed | punct |
| 28 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 lamps | det |
| 29 | lamps | lamp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 renewed | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 renewed | aux |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 renewed | aux:pass |
| 32 | renewed | renew | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 stuck | parataxis |
| 33 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 burn | mark |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 burn | nsubj |
| 35 | burn | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 renewed | advcl |
| 36 | down | down | ADP | _ | 35 burn | compound:prt |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 swept | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 swept | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 ends | det |
| 40 | charred | char | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 41 ends | amod |
| 41 | ends | end | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 swept | nsubj |
| 42 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 renewed | conj |
| 43 | up | up | ADP | _ | 42 swept | compound:prt |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 stuck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stick on | present · passive | Long thin laths | to a iron spike | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to spike=Co-Patient | ||||
| 2 | lit | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | place | present · passive | a pail of water | below property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | fall | present | the cinders | which obl | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into which=Result | ||||
| 5 | renew | must · passive | this lamps | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 6 | burn down | present | lamps = lamp | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | char | participle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 8 | sweep up | past | the charred ends | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/2/