Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 75
_ A liquid made from various kinds of flour and fermented with sour milk to which is added malt or yeast.
What happens: make, ferment, add · To what, where: liquid, various kinds, malt
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
| 2 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 liquid | det |
| 3 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 kinds | case |
| 6 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 kinds | amod |
| 7 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 flour | case |
| 9 | flour | flour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 kinds | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 fermented | cc |
| 11 | fermented | ferment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 made | conj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 milk | case |
| 13 | sour | sour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 milk | amod |
| 14 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 fermented | obl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 added | obl |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 added | aux:pass |
| 18 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 milk | acl:relcl |
| 19 | malt | malt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 added | obj |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 yeast | cc |
| 21 | yeast | yeast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 malt | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | participle · passive | a liquid | various kinds of flour | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from kind=Material | ||||
| 2 | ferment | participle | with sour milk | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | add speech: assert | present · passive | malt or yeast | to sour milk | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: malt=Patient to which=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/75/