Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 8
_ i.e. a translation of _voyevodá_, which is again a translation of the High-German _Herzog_, which again is derived from the Latin _Dux_, meaning the leader of an army, not a mere title.
Who acts: translation, voyevodá · What happens: be, derive, mean, translate · To what, where: translation, German Herzog, Latin _, leader
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (translation, voyevodá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 translation | punct |
| 2 | i.e. | i.e. | ADV | _ | 4 translation | advmod |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 translation | det |
| 4 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 voyevodá | case |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 of | punct |
| 7 | voyevodá | voyevodá | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 translation | nmod |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 translation | punct |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 translation | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 translation | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 translation | cop |
| 12 | again | again | ADV | _ | 14 translation | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 translation | det |
| 14 | translation | translation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 translation | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Herzog | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Herzog | det |
| 17 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 German | amod |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 High | punct |
| 19 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Herzog | amod |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 German | punct |
| 21 | Herzog | Herzog | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 translation | nmod |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 Herzog | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 derived | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 derived | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | again | again | ADV | _ | 27 derived | advmod |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 derived | aux:pass |
| 27 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 Herzog | parataxis |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 _ | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 _ | det |
| 30 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 _ | compound |
| 31 | _ | _ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 derived | obl |
| 32 | Dux | Dux | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 _ | flat |
| 33 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 31 _ | punct |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 meaning | punct |
| 35 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 derived | advcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 leader | det |
| 37 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 meaning | obj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 army | case |
| 39 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 army | det |
| 40 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 leader | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 title | punct |
| 42 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 45 title | advmod |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 title | det |
| 44 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 title | amod |
| 45 | title | title | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 leader | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 translation | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a translation of voyevodá and a translation | a translation | again | of the German Herzog | tree rules | ||
| 2 | derive | present · passive | the German Herzog | the Latin _ | again | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from _=Material | |||
| 3 | mean | gerund | the leader of a army and a mere title | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Topic | |||||
| 5 | translate | voyevodá | nom translation «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/8/