Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 86
He is a gigantic bird who has been explained on the one hand as a highway robber who was a great bard, for the Russian _solovéy_ (nightingale) is applied to a minstrel.
Who acts: Ilyá, highway robber, great bard · What happens: be, explain, apply · To what, where: gigantic bird, one hand, great bard, nightingale
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilyá, highway robber, great bard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 bird | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 bird | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bird | det |
| 4 | gigantic | gigantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 bird | amod |
| 5 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 explained | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 explained | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 explained | aux:pass |
| 9 | explained | explain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 bird | acl:relcl |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 hand | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 hand | det |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 hand | nummod |
| 13 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 explained | obl |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 robber | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 robber | det |
| 16 | highway | highway | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 robber | amod |
| 17 | robber | robber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 explained | obl |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 bard | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 bard | cop |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 bard | det |
| 21 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bard | amod |
| 22 | bard | bard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 robber | acl:relcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Russian | punct |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 Russian | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Russian | det |
| 26 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bard | conj |
| 27 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 26 Russian | punct |
| 28 | solovéy | solovéy | ADV | _ | 26 Russian | advmod |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 34 applied | punct |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 31 nightingale | punct |
| 31 | nightingale | nightingale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 applied | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 31 nightingale | punct |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 applied | aux:pass |
| 34 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 bard | acl |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 minstrel | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 minstrel | det |
| 37 | minstrel | minstrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 applied | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 bird | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ilyá | a gigantic bird | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | explain speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | a gigantic bird | the one hand | as a highway robber | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 3 | is a | past | a highway robber | a great bard | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | a highway robber not said here | solovéy property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | apply | present · passive | a great bard not said here | nightingale | to a minstrel | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/86/