Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 88
Be this as it may, the version which has come down is that the Nightingale Robber was an enormous bird, whose nest spread over seven oaks, who had needed no other weapon than his dreadful beast-like, lion-like, or dragon-like whistle on which every wall and every beast and every man fell down in sheer terror.
Who acts: version, nest, wall · What happens: come down, be, spread, need, fall down · To what, where: enormous bird, seven oaks, like whistle
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (version, nest, wall), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 may | cop |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 Be | nsubj |
| 3 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 may | mark |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 may | nsubj |
| 5 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 bird | aux |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 version | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 version | det |
| 8 | version | version | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 bird | nsubj |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 come | nsubj |
| 10 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 come | aux |
| 11 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 version | acl:relcl |
| 12 | down | down | ADV | _ | 11 come | advmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 bird | cop |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 bird | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Robber | det |
| 16 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Robber | compound |
| 17 | Robber | Robber | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 bird | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 bird | cop |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 bird | det |
| 20 | enormous | enormous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 bird | amod |
| 21 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 spread | punct |
| 23 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 24 nest | nmod:poss |
| 24 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 spread | nsubj |
| 25 | spread | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 bird | conj |
| 26 | over | over | ADP | _ | 28 oaks | case |
| 27 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 oaks | nummod |
| 28 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 spread | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 needed | punct |
| 30 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 needed | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 needed | aux |
| 32 | needed | need | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 oaks | acl:relcl |
| 33 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 35 weapon | det |
| 34 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 weapon | amod |
| 35 | weapon | weapon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 needed | obj |
| 36 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 41 like | mark |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 like | nmod:poss |
| 38 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 like | amod |
| 39 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 like | compound |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 39 beast | punct |
| 41 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 weapon | acl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 lion | punct |
| 43 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 weapon | appos |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 like | punct |
| 45 | like | like | INTJ | _ | 43 lion | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 whistle | punct |
| 47 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 51 whistle | cc |
| 48 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 like | compound |
| 49 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 48 dragon | punct |
| 50 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 whistle | amod |
| 51 | whistle | whistle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 like | appos |
| 52 | on | on | ADP | _ | 53 which | case |
| 53 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 62 fell | obl |
| 54 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 55 wall | det |
| 55 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 fell | nsubj |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 beast | cc |
| 57 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 58 beast | det |
| 58 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 wall | conj |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 man | cc |
| 60 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 61 man | det |
| 61 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 wall | conj |
| 62 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 whistle | acl:relcl |
| 63 | down | down | ADV | _ | 62 fell | advmod |
| 64 | in | in | ADP | _ | 66 terror | case |
| 65 | sheer | sheer | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 terror | amod |
| 66 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 fell | obl |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 bird | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | present · perfect | the version | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | may | the version | a enormous bird | the Nightingale Robber nsubj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | spread | past | nest | seven oaks | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over oak=Location | ||||
| 4 | need | past · perfect · passive | seven oaks | no other weapon obj | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fall down | past | every wall and every beast and every man | like whistle | in sheer terror; down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on which=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/40/88/