Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 58
So the Tsar told the peasant, “Tell your foundling that he is to come to me neither naked nor dressed, nor on foot nor on horseback, neither by day nor by night, neither in the courtyard nor in the street.”
Who acts: Tsar, peasant · What happens: tell, be, dress · To what, where: peasant, foundling, Tsar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 told | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Tsar | det |
| 3 | Tsar | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 told | nsubj |
| 4 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 peasant | det |
| 6 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 told | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Tell | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Tell | punct |
| 9 | Tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 told | conj |
| 10 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 foundling | nmod:poss |
| 11 | foundling | foundling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Tell | obj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 come | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 come | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 come | cop |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 come | mark |
| 16 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 Tell | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 me | case |
| 18 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 come | obl |
| 19 | neither | neither | ADV | _ | 20 naked | advmod |
| 20 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 come | advcl |
| 21 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 22 dressed | cc |
| 22 | dressed | dress | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 naked | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 foot | punct |
| 24 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 26 foot | cc |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 foot | case |
| 26 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Tell | obj |
| 27 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 29 horseback | cc |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 horseback | case |
| 29 | horseback | horseback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 foot | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 day | punct |
| 31 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 33 day | cc:preconj |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 33 day | case |
| 33 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 told | obl |
| 34 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 36 night | cc |
| 35 | by | by | ADP | _ | 36 night | case |
| 36 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 day | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 courtyard | punct |
| 38 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 41 courtyard | cc:preconj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 courtyard | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 courtyard | det |
| 41 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 told | parataxis |
| 42 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 45 street | cc |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 street | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 street | det |
| 45 | street | street | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 courtyard | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 41 courtyard | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 courtyard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the Tsar | the peasant | day | the courtyard nor the street parataxis | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent peasant=Recipient clause=Topic | ||
| 2 | tell speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | the Tsar not said here | your foundling | foot nor horseback obj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is not said to happen, in a quote | present | peasant | the Tsar = tsar | come property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | dress in a quote | participle | peasant not said here | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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