Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 80
Then the little boy, who was only six years old, looked his father and mother fixedly in the eyes and said, “I know what the Nightingale is singing, only I am frightened of saying it.”
Who acts: little boy, Nightingale · What happens: be, look, say, know, sing, frighten · To what, where: father, eyes, little boy, doom · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little boy, Nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 looked | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 boy | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 boy | amod |
| 4 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 looked | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 old | punct |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 old | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 old | cop |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 six | advmod |
| 9 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 years | nummod |
| 10 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 old | obl:unmarked |
| 11 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 boy | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 boy | punct |
| 13 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 father | nmod:poss |
| 15 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 looked | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 mother | cc |
| 17 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 father | conj |
| 18 | fixedly | fixedly | ADV | _ | 21 eyes | advmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 eyes | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 eyes | det |
| 21 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 looked | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 said | cc |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 looked | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 know | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 know | punct |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 know | nsubj |
| 27 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 said | ccomp |
| 28 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 32 singing | obj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Nightingale | det |
| 30 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 singing | nsubj |
| 31 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 singing | aux |
| 32 | singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 know | ccomp |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 frightened | punct |
| 34 | only | only | ADV | _ | 37 frightened | advmod |
| 35 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 frightened | aux:pass |
| 37 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 know | conj |
| 38 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 39 saying | mark |
| 39 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 frightened | advcl |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 saying | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 looked | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the little boy | year | old property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | look | past | the little boy | boy's father and mother | the eyes | then | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme father=Attribute | ||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the little boy not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | know in a quote | present | the little boy = boy | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | sing speech: express in a quote | present · progressive | the Nightingale | what obj | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location what=Theme | ||||
| 6 | frighten in a quote | present · passive | the little boy = boy | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | say speech: assert in a quote | gerund | doom | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/6/80/