Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 7, sentence 130
He also saw a mass of people, only they were all mourning and sad.
Who acts: elder, people · What happens: see, mourn · To what, where: mass
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elder, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | also | also | ADV | _ | 3 saw | advmod |
| 3 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 mass | det |
| 5 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 saw | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 people | case |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mass | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 mourning | punct |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 mourning | advmod |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 mourning | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 mourning | aux |
| 12 | all | all | ADV | _ | 13 mourning | advmod |
| 13 | mourning | mourn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 saw | advcl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 sad | cc |
| 15 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 mourning | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | elder | a mass of people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mass=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | mourn | past · progressive | people | all property | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/7/130/