Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 7, sentence 70
They might have had to die, but Zamorýshek was an inventive youth, and had not forgotten to take Bába Yagá’s handkerchief, and he shook the handkerchief in front, and so built a bridge across all the width of the blue sea, and the doughty youths crossed the sea safely.
Who acts: directions, Zamorýshek, ZAMORÝSHEK, doughty youths · What happens: have, die, be, not forget, take, shake · To what, where: inventive youth, handkerchief, front, bridge, width, sea
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (directions, Zamorýshek, ZAMORÝSHEK, doughty youths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 had | nsubj |
| 2 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 had | aux |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 had | aux |
| 4 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 die | mark |
| 6 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 had | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 youth | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 youth | cc |
| 9 | Zamorýshek | Zamorýshek | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 youth | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 youth | cop |
| 11 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 youth | det |
| 12 | inventive | inventive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 youth | amod |
| 13 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 had | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 forgotten | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 forgotten | cc |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 forgotten | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 forgotten | advmod |
| 18 | forgotten | forget | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 had | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 take | mark |
| 20 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 forgotten | xcomp |
| 21 | Bába | Bába | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 handkerchief | nmod:poss |
| 22 | Yagá | Yagá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Bába | flat |
| 23 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 Bába | case |
| 24 | handkerchief | handkerchief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 shook | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 shook | cc |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 shook | nsubj |
| 28 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 forgotten | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 handkerchief | det |
| 30 | handkerchief | handkerchief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shook | obj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 front | case |
| 32 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 shook | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 built | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 built | cc |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 built | advmod |
| 36 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 shook | conj |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 bridge | det |
| 38 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 built | obj |
| 39 | across | across | ADP | _ | 42 width | case |
| 40 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 width | det:predet |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 width | det |
| 42 | width | width | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 built | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 sea | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 sea | det |
| 45 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 sea | amod |
| 46 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 width | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 crossed | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 crossed | cc |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 youths | det |
| 50 | doughty | doughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 youths | amod |
| 51 | youths | youth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 crossed | nsubj |
| 52 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 shook | conj |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 sea | det |
| 54 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 crossed | obj |
| 55 | safely | safely | ADV | _ | 52 crossed | advmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | might · perfect | directions = direction | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | die | to-infinitive | directions = direction not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | is a | past | Zamorýshek | a inventive youth | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not forget | past · perfect | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | take | to-infinitive | Bába's handkerchief | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handkerchief=Theme | |||||
| 6 | shake | past | ZAMORÝSHEK = zamorýshek | the handkerchief | front | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent handkerchief=Theme in front=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | build | past | ZAMORÝSHEK = zamorýshek not said here | a bridge | all width of the blue sea | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bridge=Product | |||
| 8 | cross | past | the doughty youths | the sea | safely property | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/7/70/