Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 115
Many years passed by, and much water flowed in the river, and one day Mark the Rich went out with those huntsmen, saw the young boy, heard his story, and spoke about him, and knew it was the same he had cast forth.
Who acts: Many years, Mark, water · What happens: pass by, flow, go out, see, hear, speak · To what, where: much water, river, young boy, story · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many years, Mark, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 years | amod |
| 2 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 passed | nsubj |
| 3 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 3 passed | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 flowed | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 flowed | cc |
| 7 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 water | amod |
| 8 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flowed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | flowed | flow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 passed | conj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 river | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 river | det |
| 12 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flowed | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 went | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 went | cc |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 day | nummod |
| 16 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 went | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | Mark | Mark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 went | nsubj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Rich | det |
| 19 | Rich | Rich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Mark | flat |
| 20 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 passed | parataxis |
| 21 | out | out | ADV | _ | 20 went | advmod |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 huntsmen | case |
| 23 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 huntsmen | det |
| 24 | huntsmen | huntsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 went | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 saw | punct |
| 26 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 went | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 boy | det |
| 28 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 boy | amod |
| 29 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 saw | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 heard | punct |
| 31 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 saw | conj |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 story | nmod:poss |
| 33 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 heard | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 spoke | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 spoke | cc |
| 36 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 heard | parataxis |
| 37 | about | about | ADP | _ | 38 him | case |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 spoke | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 knew | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 knew | cc |
| 41 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 passed | conj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 same | nsubj |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 same | cop |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 same | det |
| 45 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 knew | ccomp |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 cast | nsubj |
| 47 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 cast | aux |
| 48 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 knew | ccomp |
| 49 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 48 cast | advmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass by | participle | Many years | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | flow | participle · passive | much water | the river | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go out | past | Mark | day | with that huntsmen; out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with huntsman=Co-Agent | |||
| 4 | see | past | Mark not said here | the young boy | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | hear | past | Mark not said here | boy's story | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | speak speech: other | past | about boy | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about he=Topic | |||||
| 7 | know | past | Many years not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | is | past | water | same property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | cast | past · perfect | MARK | forth property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/115/