Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 16
So the _boyárs_ said he must be hung, and the generals said he must be shot.
Who acts: boyárs, generals · What happens: say, hang, shoot · To what, where: Tsarévna · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boyárs, generals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 6 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 boyárs | det |
| 3 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 boyárs | punct |
| 4 | boyárs | boyár | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 said | nsubj |
| 5 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 boyárs | punct |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 hung | nsubj |
| 8 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 hung | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 hung | aux:pass |
| 10 | hung | hang | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 said | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 generals | det |
| 14 | generals | general | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | conj |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 shot | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 shot | aux |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 shot | aux:pass |
| 19 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 said | ccomp |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the boyárs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | hang | must · passive | Tsarévna | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the generals | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | shoot | must · passive | Tsarévna | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/16/