Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 40
But he took the whip, struck her on the back: “You are a maiden, now become a mare!”
Who acts: Tsarévna, You · What happens: take, strike, be, become · To what, where: whip, help, mare · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsarévna, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 took | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 whip | det |
| 5 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 struck | punct |
| 7 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 took | conj |
| 8 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 struck | obj |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 back | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 back | det |
| 11 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 struck | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 maiden | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 maiden | punct |
| 14 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 maiden | nsubj |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 maiden | cop |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 maiden | det |
| 17 | maiden | maiden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 took | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 become | punct |
| 19 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 become | advmod |
| 20 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 maiden | advcl |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mare | det |
| 22 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 become | xcomp |
| 23 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
| 24 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Tsarévna | the whip | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent whip=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | strike | past | Tsarévna not said here | help | on the back | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent she=Instrument on back=Patient | |||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | You | maiden property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | become in a quote | infinitive | You not said here | a mare | now | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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