Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 80
But the younger son smote his mare with the back of his hand and said, “You are a mare; now become a maiden!”
Who acts: younger son, You · What happens: smite, say, be, become · To what, where: mare, maiden · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (younger son, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 5 smote | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 son | det |
| 3 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 son | amod |
| 4 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 smote | nsubj |
| 5 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 mare | nmod:poss |
| 7 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 smote | obj |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 back | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 back | det |
| 10 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 smote | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 hand | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 hand | nmod:poss |
| 13 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 back | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 said | cc |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 smote | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 mare | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 mare | punct |
| 18 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 mare | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 mare | cop |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 mare | det |
| 21 | mare | mare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 said | ccomp |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 become | punct |
| 23 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 become | advmod |
| 24 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 smote | conj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 maiden | det |
| 26 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 become | xcomp |
| 27 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 24 become | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | smite | past | the younger son | son's mare | with the back of son's hand | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mare=Patient with back=Instrument | |||
| 2 | say speech: express | past | the younger son not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | You | a mare | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | become in a quote | infinitive | the younger son not said here | a maiden | now | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/80/