Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 86
In a country, in a kingdom far away, once upon a time there lived a merchant, Mark the Rich; and, what with all his estates and revenues, you couldn’t count them.
Who acts: you · What happens: live, not count · To what, where: merchant, country, revenues
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 country | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 country | det |
| 3 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lived | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 kingdom | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 kingdom | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 kingdom | det |
| 7 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 country | conj |
| 8 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 away | advmod |
| 9 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 kingdom | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 country | punct |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 16 lived | advmod |
| 12 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 time | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 time | det |
| 14 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lived | obl |
| 15 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 lived | advmod |
| 16 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 merchant | det |
| 18 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lived | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 Mark | punct |
| 20 | Mark | Mark | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 merchant | appos |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Rich | det |
| 22 | Rich | Rich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Mark | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 what | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 what | cc |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 and | punct |
| 26 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 lived | parataxis |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 estates | case |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 estates | det:predet |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 estates | nmod:poss |
| 30 | estates | estate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 what | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 revenues | cc |
| 32 | revenues | revenue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 estates | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 count | punct |
| 34 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 count | nsubj |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 count | aux |
| 36 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 count | advmod |
| 37 | count | count | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 lived | parataxis |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 count | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a merchant | a country and a kingdom; there | time | what with MARK's estates and revenues parataxis; once property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme merchant=Location | ||
| 2 | not count | could | you | revenues = revenue | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/86/