Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 9, sentence 121
Then the boy was frightened and did not know what to answer.
What happens: frighten, not know, answer · To what, where: boy · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 frightened | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 boy | det |
| 3 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 frightened | aux:pass |
| 5 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 know | cc |
| 7 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 know | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 know | advmod |
| 9 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 frightened | conj |
| 10 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 answer | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 answer | mark |
| 12 | answer | answer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 know | ccomp |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | frighten | past · passive | the boy | then | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | not know | past · do-support | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | to-infinitive | what obj | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/9/121/