Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 9, sentence 183
They had long given him up for dead, and it was no wonder; for he had been away for three years, although it had seemed to him only twenty-four hours that he had stayed with the Devil.
Who acts: parents, plate, boy, it · What happens: give up, be, seem, stay · To what, where: boy, wonder
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parents, plate, boy, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 given | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 given | aux |
| 3 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 given | advmod |
| 4 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 given | iobj |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 given | compound:prt |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 dead | case |
| 8 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 given | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 wonder | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 wonder | cc |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 wonder | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 wonder | cop |
| 13 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 14 wonder | det |
| 14 | wonder | wonder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 given | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 away | punct |
| 16 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 20 away | mark |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 away | nsubj |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 away | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 away | cop |
| 20 | away | away | ADV | _ | 4 given | advmod |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 years | case |
| 22 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 years | nummod |
| 23 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 away | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 seemed | punct |
| 25 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 28 seemed | mark |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 seemed | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 seemed | aux |
| 28 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 given | parataxis |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 him | case |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 seemed | obl |
| 31 | only | only | ADV | _ | 34 four | advmod |
| 32 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 four | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 twenty | punct |
| 34 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 hours | nummod |
| 35 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 seemed | obl:unmarked |
| 36 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 stayed | mark |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 stayed | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 stayed | aux |
| 39 | stayed | stay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 seemed | xcomp |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 Devil | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Devil | det |
| 42 | Devil | Devil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 stayed | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give up | past · perfect | parents = parent | boy | for dead; long property | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Source | |||
| 2 | is a | past | plate | no wonder | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past · perfect | boy | year | away property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | seem | past | it | boy | hour | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||
| 5 | stay | past · perfect | boy | with the Devil | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with devil=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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