Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 9, sentence 40
“Old men who were just passing by who wanted to warm their hands.
Who acts: Old men · What happens: pass, want, warm · To what, where: hands, Old men · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 men | punct |
| 2 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 men | amod |
| 3 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 passing | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 passing | aux |
| 6 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 passing | advmod |
| 7 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 men | acl |
| 8 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 wanted | mark |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 wanted | nsubj |
| 10 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 passing | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 warm | mark |
| 12 | warm | warm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 wanted | xcomp |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 hands | nmod:poss |
| 14 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 warm | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 men | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass in a quote | past · progressive | Old men | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | want in a quote | past | who nsubj | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | warm not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | men's hands | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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