Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, Omar’s Plan of Life., sentence 24
I regarded knowledge as the highest honour and the most engaging pleasure; yet day stole upon day, and month glided after month, till I found that seven years of the first ten had vanished, and left nothing behind them.
Who acts: I, day, seven years · What happens: regard, steal, glide, find, vanish, leave · To what, where: knowledge, first ten, nothing
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Omar’s Plan of Life.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, day, seven years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 regarded | nsubj |
| 2 | regarded | regard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 regarded | obj |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 honour | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 honour | det |
| 6 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 honour | amod |
| 7 | honour | honour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 regarded | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 pleasure | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 pleasure | det |
| 10 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 11 engaging | advmod |
| 11 | engaging | engaging | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 pleasure | amod |
| 12 | pleasure | pleasure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 honour | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 stole | punct |
| 14 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 16 stole | cc |
| 15 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stole | nsubj |
| 16 | stole | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 regarded | parataxis |
| 17 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 18 day | case |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stole | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 glided | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 glided | cc |
| 21 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 glided | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | glided | glide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 regarded | parataxis |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 month | case |
| 24 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 glided | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 found | punct |
| 26 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 28 found | mark |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 found | nsubj |
| 28 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 glided | parataxis |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 years | mark |
| 30 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 years | nummod |
| 31 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 found | obl |
| 32 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 37 vanished | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 ten | det |
| 34 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 35 ten | amod |
| 35 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 vanished | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 vanished | aux |
| 37 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 years | acl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 left | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 left | cc |
| 40 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 found | conj |
| 41 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 40 left | obj |
| 42 | behind | behind | ADP | _ | 43 them | case |
| 43 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 left | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 regarded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | regard | past | I | knowledge | as the highest honour and the engaging pleasure | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent knowledge=Theme as honour=Value | |||
| 2 | steal | past | day | day | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | glide | participle | month | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | find | past | I | year | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | vanish | past · perfect · passive | seven years not said here | the first ten | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | leave | past | I not said here | nothing | behind honour | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent nothing=Theme behind they=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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