Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Basket Maker., sentence 9
“But pray,” replied the king, “what distinction of rank had the grand-father of your father, when, being a cleaver of wood in the palace of my ancestors, he was raised from among those vulgar you speak of with such contempt, in reward for an instance he gave of his courage and loyalty in defence of his master?
Who acts: king, distinction, you, reward · What happens: pray, reply, have, be, raise, speak · To what, where: grand father, cleaver, palace, distinction, those, rank · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Basket Maker.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, distinction, you, reward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 pray | punct |
| 2 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 pray | cc |
| 3 | pray | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 replied | parataxis |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 pray | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 pray | punct |
| 6 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 king | det |
| 8 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 replied | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 had | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 had | punct |
| 11 | what | what | DET | PronType=Int | 12 distinction | det |
| 12 | distinction | distinction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 rank | case |
| 14 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 distinction | nmod |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 replied | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 father | det |
| 17 | grand | grand | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 father | amod |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 grand | punct |
| 19 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 father | case |
| 21 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 father | nmod:poss |
| 22 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 father | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 cleaver | punct |
| 24 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 cleaver | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 cleaver | punct |
| 26 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 cleaver | cop |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 cleaver | det |
| 28 | cleaver | cleaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 father | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 wood | case |
| 30 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cleaver | nmod |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 palace | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 palace | det |
| 33 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 cleaver | nmod |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 ancestors | case |
| 35 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 36 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 palace | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 raised | punct |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 raised | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 raised | aux:pass |
| 40 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 cleaver | parataxis |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 those | case |
| 42 | among | among | ADP | _ | 43 those | case |
| 43 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 40 raised | obl |
| 44 | vulgar | vulgar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 those | amod |
| 45 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 46 speak | nsubj |
| 46 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 those | acl:relcl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 contempt | case |
| 48 | with | with | ADP | _ | 50 contempt | case |
| 49 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 contempt | amod |
| 50 | contempt | contempt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 those | nmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 reward | punct |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 reward | case |
| 53 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 gave | nsubj |
| 54 | for | for | ADP | _ | 56 instance | case |
| 55 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 56 instance | det |
| 56 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 reward | nmod |
| 57 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 gave | nsubj |
| 58 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 raised | conj |
| 59 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 courage | case |
| 60 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 61 courage | nmod:poss |
| 61 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 gave | obl |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 63 loyalty | cc |
| 63 | loyalty | loyalty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 courage | conj |
| 64 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 defence | case |
| 65 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 courage | nmod |
| 66 | of | of | ADP | _ | 68 master | case |
| 67 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 68 master | nmod:poss |
| 68 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 defence | nmod |
| 69 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pray in a quote | present | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 2 | reply speech: ask | past | the king | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | have in a quote | past | what distinction of rank | the grand father of your father and a cleaver | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | gerund | what distinction of rank not said here | a cleaver | the palace of my ancestors | of wood | tree rules | ||
| 5 | raise in a quote | past · passive | distinction | those of such contempt | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme from that=Destination | ||||
| 6 | speak speech: other in a quote | present | you | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | give in a quote | past | reward for a instance | of distinction's courage in defence of distinction's master and loyalty; distinction nsubj | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | distinguish in a quote | rank | nom distinction «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 9 | defend in a quote | distinction's master | nom defence «process transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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