Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet., sentence 19
“Almet,” said he, “thou has devoted thy life to meditation, that thy counsel might deliver ignorance from the mazes of error, and deter presumption from the precipice of guilt; but the book of nature thou hast read without understanding: it is again open before thee: look up, consider it, and be wise.”
Who acts: Almet, counsel, book · What happens: say, devote, deliver, deter, read, be · To what, where: life, meditation, that, mazes, presumption, precipice · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Almet, counsel, book), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Almet | punct |
| 2 | Almet | almet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Almet | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Almet | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 devoted | nsubj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 devoted | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 devoted | punct |
| 9 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 11 devoted | nsubj |
| 10 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 devoted | aux |
| 11 | devoted | devote | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 said | ccomp |
| 12 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 13 life | nmod:poss |
| 13 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 devoted | obj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 meditation | case |
| 15 | meditation | meditation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 devoted | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 deliver | punct |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 deliver | obj |
| 18 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 19 counsel | nmod:poss |
| 19 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 deliver | nsubj |
| 20 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 deliver | aux |
| 21 | deliver | deliver | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 devoted | parataxis |
| 22 | ignorance | ignorance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 deliver | obj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 mazes | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 mazes | det |
| 25 | mazes | maze | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 deliver | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 error | case |
| 27 | error | error | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 mazes | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 deter | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 deter | cc |
| 30 | deter | deter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 deliver | conj |
| 31 | presumption | presumption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 deter | obj |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 precipice | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 precipice | det |
| 34 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 deter | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 guilt | case |
| 36 | guilt | guilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 precipice | nmod |
| 37 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 read | punct |
| 38 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 read | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 book | det |
| 40 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 read | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 nature | case |
| 42 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 book | nmod |
| 43 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 45 read | nsubj |
| 44 | hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 read | aux:pass |
| 45 | read | read | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | conj |
| 46 | without | without | ADP | _ | 47 understanding | case |
| 47 | understanding | understanding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 read | obl |
| 48 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 52 open | punct |
| 49 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 open | nsubj |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 open | cop |
| 51 | again | again | ADV | _ | 52 open | advmod |
| 52 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 said | parataxis |
| 53 | before | before | ADP | _ | 54 thee | case |
| 54 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 52 open | obl |
| 55 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 56 look | punct |
| 56 | look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 said | parataxis |
| 57 | up | up | ADP | _ | 56 look | compound:prt |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 consider | punct |
| 59 | consider | consider | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 56 look | conj |
| 60 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 consider | obj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 wise | punct |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 wise | cc |
| 63 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 64 wise | cop |
| 64 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 look | parataxis |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 56 look | punct |
| 66 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 look | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Almet | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | devote in a quote | present · perfect | Almet | thy life | to meditation goal; thou nsubj | vn dedicate-79 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent life=Theme to meditation=Goal | |||
| 3 | deliver in a quote | might | thy counsel | that | the mazes of error | ignorance obj | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary ignorance=Patient | ||
| 4 | deter in a quote | infinitive | thy counsel not said here | presumption | the precipice of guilt | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: agent=Causer presumption=Beneficiary from precipice=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | read in a quote | present · passive | the book of nature | without understanding; thou nsubj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | book | before thee; again | open property | tree rules | |||
| 7 | look up in a quote | infinitive | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||||
| 8 | consider in a quote | infinitive | book | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent it=Attribute | |||||
| 9 | is in a quote | infinitive | wise property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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