Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet, Concluded., sentence 1
While I was gazing in a transport of delight and wonder on this enchanting spot, I perceived a man stealing along the walk with a thoughtful and deliberate pace; his eyes were fixed upon the earth, and his arms crossed on his bosom; he sometimes started, as if a sudden pang had seized him; his countenance expressed solicitude and terror; he looked round with a sigh, and having gazed a moment on the desart that lay before him, he seemed as if he wished to stop, but was impelled forwards by some invisible power; his features however soon settled again in a calm melancholy; his eye was again fixed on the ground; and he went on as before, with apparent reluctance, but without emotion.
Who acts: I, man, arms, countenance, desart, invisible power · What happens: gaze, wonder, enchant, perceive, steal, fix · To what, where: man, walk, eyes, bosom, sudden pang, solicitude
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet, Concluded.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, man, arms, countenance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 gazing | mark |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 gazing | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 gazing | aux |
| 4 | gazing | gaze | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 perceived | advcl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 transport | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 transport | det |
| 7 | transport | transport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gazing | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 delight | case |
| 9 | delight | delight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 transport | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 wonder | cc |
| 11 | wonder | wonder | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 gazing | conj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 spot | case |
| 13 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 spot | det |
| 14 | enchanting | enchant | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 spot | amod |
| 15 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 wonder | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 gazing | punct |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 perceived | nsubj |
| 18 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 man | det |
| 20 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 perceived | obj |
| 21 | stealing | steal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 man | acl |
| 22 | along | along | ADP | _ | 24 walk | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 walk | det |
| 24 | walk | walk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 stealing | obl |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 pace | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 pace | det |
| 27 | thoughtful | thoughtful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 pace | amod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 deliberate | cc |
| 29 | deliberate | deliberate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 thoughtful | conj |
| 30 | pace | pace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 walk | nmod |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 fixed | punct |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 33 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 fixed | nsubj:pass |
| 34 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 fixed | aux:pass |
| 35 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 perceived | conj |
| 36 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 38 earth | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 earth | det |
| 38 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 fixed | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 crossed | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 crossed | cc |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 arms | nmod:poss |
| 42 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 crossed | nsubj |
| 43 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 perceived | conj |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 bosom | case |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 bosom | nmod:poss |
| 46 | bosom | bosom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 crossed | obl |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 started | punct |
| 48 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 started | nsubj |
| 49 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 50 started | advmod |
| 50 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 perceived | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 seized | punct |
| 52 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 58 seized | mark |
| 53 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 58 seized | mark |
| 54 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 56 pang | det |
| 55 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 pang | amod |
| 56 | pang | pang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 seized | nsubj:pass |
| 57 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 seized | aux |
| 58 | seized | seize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 started | parataxis |
| 59 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 seized | obj |
| 60 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 63 expressed | punct |
| 61 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 countenance | nmod:poss |
| 62 | countenance | countenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 expressed | nsubj |
| 63 | expressed | express | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 perceived | conj |
| 64 | solicitude | solicitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 expressed | obj |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 terror | cc |
| 66 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 solicitude | conj |
| 67 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 69 looked | punct |
| 68 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 69 looked | nsubj |
| 69 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 perceived | parataxis |
| 70 | round | round | ADV | _ | 69 looked | advmod |
| 71 | with | with | ADP | _ | 73 sigh | case |
| 72 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 73 sigh | det |
| 73 | sigh | sigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 looked | obl |
| 74 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 77 gazed | punct |
| 75 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 gazed | cc |
| 76 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 77 gazed | aux |
| 77 | gazed | gaze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 69 looked | conj |
| 78 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 79 moment | det |
| 79 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 gazed | obj |
| 80 | on | on | ADP | _ | 82 desart | case |
| 81 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 desart | det |
| 82 | desart | desart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 gazed | obl |
| 83 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 84 lay | nsubj |
| 84 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 82 desart | acl:relcl |
| 85 | before | before | ADP | _ | 86 him | case |
| 86 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 84 lay | obl |
| 87 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 seemed | punct |
| 88 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 89 seemed | nsubj |
| 89 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 perceived | parataxis |
| 90 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 93 wished | mark |
| 91 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 93 wished | mark |
| 92 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 93 wished | nsubj |
| 93 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 89 seemed | ccomp |
| 94 | to | to | PART | _ | 95 stop | mark |
| 95 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 93 wished | xcomp |
| 96 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 99 impelled | punct |
| 97 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 99 impelled | cc |
| 98 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 99 impelled | aux:pass |
| 99 | impelled | impel | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 89 seemed | conj |
| 100 | forwards | forwards | ADV | _ | 99 impelled | advmod |
| 101 | by | by | ADP | _ | 104 power | case |
| 102 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 104 power | det |
| 103 | invisible | invisible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 104 power | amod |
| 104 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 99 impelled | obl |
| 105 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 110 settled | punct |
| 106 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 107 features | nmod:poss |
| 107 | features | feature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 110 settled | nsubj:pass |
| 108 | however | however | ADV | _ | 110 settled | advmod |
| 109 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 110 settled | advmod |
| 110 | settled | settle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 perceived | conj |
| 111 | again | again | ADV | _ | 110 settled | advmod |
| 112 | in | in | ADP | _ | 115 melancholy | case |
| 113 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 115 melancholy | det |
| 114 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 115 melancholy | amod |
| 115 | melancholy | melancholy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 110 settled | obl |
| 116 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 121 fixed | punct |
| 117 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 118 eye | nmod:poss |
| 118 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 121 fixed | nsubj:pass |
| 119 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 121 fixed | aux:pass |
| 120 | again | again | ADV | _ | 121 fixed | advmod |
| 121 | fixed | fix | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 perceived | parataxis |
| 122 | on | on | ADP | _ | 124 ground | case |
| 123 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 124 ground | det |
| 124 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 121 fixed | obl |
| 125 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 128 went | punct |
| 126 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 128 went | cc |
| 127 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 128 went | nsubj |
| 128 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 perceived | conj |
| 129 | on | on | ADV | _ | 128 went | advmod |
| 130 | as | as | ADP | _ | 131 before | case |
| 131 | before | before | ADV | _ | 128 went | obl |
| 132 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 135 reluctance | punct |
| 133 | with | with | ADP | _ | 135 reluctance | case |
| 134 | apparent | apparent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 135 reluctance | amod |
| 135 | reluctance | reluctance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 128 went | obl |
| 136 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 139 emotion | punct |
| 137 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 139 emotion | cc |
| 138 | without | without | ADP | _ | 139 emotion | case |
| 139 | emotion | emotion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 128 went | obl |
| 140 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gaze | past · progressive | I | in a transport of delight | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in transport=Theme | ||||
| 2 | wonder speech: ask | infinitive | I not said here | on this enchanting spot | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on spot=Topic | ||||
| 3 | enchant | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | perceive | past | I | a man | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | steal | gerund | a man not said here | the walk with a thoughtful pace | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along walk=Location | ||||
| 6 | fix | past · passive | man's eyes | upon the earth | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 7 | cross | participle | man's arms | man's bosom | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | start | past | man | sometimes property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | seize a condition, not said to happen | past · perfect · passive | a sudden pang | man obj | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | express | past | man's countenance | solicitude and terror | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent solicitude=Theme | ||||
| 11 | look round | past | countenance | with a sigh; round property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 12 | gaze | gerund · perfect | countenance not said here | moment | on the desart | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on desart=Theme | |||
| 13 | lie | past | the desart | before man | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location | ||||
| 14 | seem | past | countenance | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 15 | wish a condition, not said to happen | past | countenance | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 16 | stop not said to happen | to-infinitive | countenance not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 17 | impel | past · passive | some invisible power | forwards property | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 18 | settle | participle · passive | man's features | a calm melancholy | again | however, soon property | vn odge-46-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in melancholy=Location | ||
| 19 | fix | past · passive | man's eye | the ground | again | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient | |||
| 20 | go on | past | countenance | with apparent reluctance; without emotion | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 21 | bosom | man | nom bosom «state transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 22 | feature | man | nom feature «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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