Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Almet, Concluded., sentence 7
The wretch who wished to linger in the garden, who looked round upon its limits with terror, was destitute of hope, and was perpetually tormented by the dread of losing that which yet he did not enjoy; the song of the birds had been repeated till it was not heard, and the flowers had so often recurred, that their beauty was not seen; the river glided by unnoticed; and he feared to lift his eye to the prospect, lest he should behold the waste that circumscribed it.
Who acts: wretch, dread, value, flowers, waste, birds · What happens: wish, linger, look round, be, torment, lose · To what, where: garden, destitute, song, beauty, river, eye
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Almet, Concluded.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wretch, dread, value, flowers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 wretch | det |
| 2 | wretch | wretch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looked | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 wished | nsubj |
| 4 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 wretch | acl:relcl |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 linger | mark |
| 6 | linger | linger | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 wished | xcomp |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 garden | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 garden | det |
| 9 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 linger | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 looked | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 looked | nsubj |
| 12 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | round | round | ADV | _ | 12 looked | advmod |
| 14 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 16 limits | case |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 limits | nmod:poss |
| 16 | limits | limit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 looked | obl |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 terror | case |
| 18 | terror | terror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 limits | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 destitute | punct |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 destitute | cop |
| 21 | destitute | destitute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 looked | parataxis |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 hope | case |
| 23 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 destitute | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 tormented | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 tormented | cc |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 tormented | aux:pass |
| 27 | perpetually | perpetually | ADV | _ | 28 tormented | advmod |
| 28 | tormented | torment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 looked | conj |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 dread | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 dread | det |
| 31 | dread | dread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 tormented | obl |
| 32 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 33 losing | mark |
| 33 | losing | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 dread | acl |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 40 enjoy | mark |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 enjoy | obj |
| 36 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 40 enjoy | advmod |
| 37 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 enjoy | nsubj |
| 38 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 enjoy | aux |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 enjoy | advmod |
| 40 | enjoy | enjoy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 losing | advcl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 repeated | punct |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 song | det |
| 43 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 repeated | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 birds | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 birds | det |
| 46 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 song | nmod |
| 47 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 repeated | aux |
| 48 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 49 repeated | aux:pass |
| 49 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 looked | parataxis |
| 50 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 54 heard | mark |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 heard | nsubj |
| 52 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 heard | aux:pass |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 heard | advmod |
| 54 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 repeated | advcl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 had | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 had | cc |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 flowers | det |
| 58 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 had | nsubj |
| 59 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 repeated | conj |
| 60 | so | so | ADV | _ | 62 recurred | advmod |
| 61 | often | often | ADV | _ | 62 recurred | advmod |
| 62 | recurred | recur | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 59 had | xcomp |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 seen | punct |
| 64 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 69 seen | mark |
| 65 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 66 beauty | nmod:poss |
| 66 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 67 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 seen | aux:pass |
| 68 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 69 seen | advmod |
| 69 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 recurred | advcl |
| 70 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 72 river | punct |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 river | det |
| 72 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 repeated | obl |
| 73 | glided | glide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 72 river | acl |
| 74 | by | by | ADP | _ | 75 unnoticed | case |
| 75 | unnoticed | unnoticed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 73 glided | obl |
| 76 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 79 feared | punct |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 feared | cc |
| 78 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 79 feared | nsubj |
| 79 | feared | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 looked | conj |
| 80 | to | to | PART | _ | 81 lift | mark |
| 81 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 79 feared | xcomp |
| 82 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 83 eye | nmod:poss |
| 83 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 lift | obj |
| 84 | to | to | ADP | _ | 86 prospect | case |
| 85 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 86 prospect | det |
| 86 | prospect | prospect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 lift | obl |
| 87 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 behold | punct |
| 88 | lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 91 behold | mark |
| 89 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 91 behold | nsubj |
| 90 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 91 behold | aux |
| 91 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 81 lift | conj |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 waste | det |
| 93 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 91 behold | obj |
| 94 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 95 circumscribed | nsubj |
| 95 | circumscribed | circumscribe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 93 waste | acl:relcl |
| 96 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 95 circumscribed | obj |
| 97 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wish | past | the wretch | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | linger not said to happen | to-infinitive | the wretch not said here | the garden | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location | ||||
| 3 | look round | past | the wretch | upon wretch's limits with terror; who nsubj; round property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon limit=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | destitute | of hope | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | torment | past · passive | the dread | perpetually property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | lose | gerund | the dread not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | not enjoy | past · do-support | value | yet | which obj | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | |||
| 8 | repeat | past · perfect · passive | the song of the birds | the river obl | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | not hear | past · passive | song | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | have | past | the flowers | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | recur | participle | the flowers not said here | often property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 12 | not see | past · passive | hope's beauty | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | |||||
| 13 | glide | participle | the river not said here | by unnoticed | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by unnoticed=Trajectory | ||||
| 14 | fear | past | value | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 15 | lift | to-infinitive | value not said here | value's eye | the prospect | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme to prospect=Destination | |||
| 16 | behold | should | value | the waste | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer waste=Stimulus | ||||
| 17 | circumscribe | past | the waste | waste | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 18 | sing | the birds | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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