Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Alnaschar., sentence 4
Men of warm imaginations and towering thoughts are apt to overlook the goods of fortune which are near them, for something that glitters in the sight at a distance; to neglect solid and substantial happiness, for what is showy and superficial; and to contemn that good that lies within their reach, for that which they are not capable of attaining.
Who acts: Men, fortune, that · What happens: tower, be, overlook, glitter, neglect, contemn · To what, where: goods, sight, solid happiness
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Alnaschar.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Men, fortune, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 apt | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 imaginations | case |
| 3 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 imaginations | amod |
| 4 | imaginations | imagination | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Men | nmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 thoughts | cc |
| 6 | towering | tower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 thoughts | amod |
| 7 | thoughts | thought | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 imaginations | conj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 apt | cop |
| 9 | apt | apt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 overlook | mark |
| 11 | overlook | overlook | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 apt | csubj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 goods | det |
| 13 | goods | goods | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 11 overlook | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fortune | case |
| 15 | fortune | fortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 goods | nmod |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 them | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 them | cop |
| 18 | near | near | ADP | _ | 19 them | case |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 fortune | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 something | punct |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 something | case |
| 22 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 overlook | conj |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 glitters | nsubj |
| 24 | glitters | glitter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 something | acl:relcl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 sight | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 sight | det |
| 27 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 glitters | obl |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 distance | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 distance | det |
| 30 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 glitters | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 neglect | punct |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 neglect | mark |
| 33 | neglect | neglect | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 apt | parataxis |
| 34 | solid | solid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 happiness | amod |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 substantial | cc |
| 36 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 solid | conj |
| 37 | happiness | happiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 neglect | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 showy | punct |
| 39 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 42 showy | mark |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 42 showy | nsubj |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 showy | cop |
| 42 | showy | showy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 neglect | parataxis |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 superficial | cc |
| 44 | superficial | superficial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 showy | conj |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 contemn | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 contemn | cc |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 contemn | mark |
| 48 | contemn | contemn | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 33 neglect | conj |
| 49 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 50 good | nsubj |
| 50 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 contemn | ccomp |
| 51 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 lies | nsubj |
| 52 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 good | advcl |
| 53 | within | within | ADP | _ | 55 reach | case |
| 54 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 reach | nmod:poss |
| 55 | reach | reach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 lies | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 63 capable | punct |
| 57 | for | for | ADP | _ | 58 that | case |
| 58 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 63 capable | obl |
| 59 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 63 capable | nsubj |
| 60 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 capable | nsubj |
| 61 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 63 capable | cop |
| 62 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 63 capable | advmod |
| 63 | capable | capable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 neglect | conj |
| 64 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 65 attaining | mark |
| 65 | attaining | attain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 63 capable | advcl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 apt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tower | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is | present | Men of warm imaginations and towering thoughts | apt property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | overlook | to-infinitive | the goods of fortune | something conj | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | present | fortune | near goods | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | glitter | present | the sight | at a distance | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sight=Location | ||||
| 6 | neglect | to-infinitive | solid happiness | vn neglect-75.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent happiness=Theme | |||||
| 7 | is | present | what nsubj; showy property | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | be | tree rules | |||||||
| 9 | contemn | to-infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 10 | lie | present | that | within goods's reach | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | not is | present | for that; which nsubj; goods nsubj; capable property | tree rules | |||||
| 12 | attain | gerund | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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