Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Bozaldab., sentence 8
At that moment he furiously raised his hand, which Despair had armed with a dagger, to strike deep into his bosom; when suddenly thick flashes of lightning shot through the cavern, and a being of more than human beauty and magnitude, arrayed in azure robes, crowned with amaranth, and waving a branch of palm in his right hand, arrested the arm of the trembling and astonished Calif, and said with a majestic smile, “Follow me to the top of this mountain.”
Who acts: God, thick flashes, lightning · What happens: raise, arm, strike, shoot, be, array · To what, where: hand, bosom, lightning, cavern, human beauty, azure robes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Bozaldab.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, thick flashes, lightning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 3 moment | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 moment | det |
| 3 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 raised | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 raised | nsubj |
| 5 | furiously | furiously | ADV | _ | 6 raised | advmod |
| 6 | raised | raise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 hand | nmod:poss |
| 8 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 raised | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 armed | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 armed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | Despair | Despair | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 armed | nsubj |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 armed | aux |
| 13 | armed | arm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 hand | acl:relcl |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 dagger | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 dagger | det |
| 16 | dagger | dagger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 armed | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 strike | punct |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 strike | mark |
| 19 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 raised | conj |
| 20 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 19 strike | advmod |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 bosom | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 bosom | nmod:poss |
| 23 | bosom | bosom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 strike | obl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 more | punct |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 40 more | advmod |
| 26 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 27 thick | advmod |
| 27 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 flashes | amod |
| 28 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 more | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 lightning | case |
| 30 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 flashes | nmod |
| 31 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 lightning | acl |
| 32 | through | through | ADP | _ | 34 cavern | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 cavern | det |
| 34 | cavern | cavern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 shot | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 more | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 more | cc |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 more | det |
| 38 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 more | cop |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 more | case |
| 40 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 raised | parataxis |
| 41 | than | than | ADP | _ | 43 beauty | case |
| 42 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 beauty | amod |
| 43 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 more | obl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 magnitude | cc |
| 45 | magnitude | magnitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 beauty | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 arrayed | punct |
| 47 | arrayed | array | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 beauty | acl |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 robes | case |
| 49 | azure | azure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 robes | compound |
| 50 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 arrayed | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 crowned | punct |
| 52 | crowned | crown | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 50 robes | acl |
| 53 | with | with | ADP | _ | 54 amaranth | case |
| 54 | amaranth | amaranth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 crowned | obl |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 arrested | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 arrested | cc |
| 57 | waving | wave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 67 arrested | advcl |
| 58 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 59 branch | det |
| 59 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 waving | obj |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 palm | case |
| 61 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 branch | nmod |
| 62 | in | in | ADP | _ | 65 hand | case |
| 63 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 hand | nmod:poss |
| 64 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 hand | amod |
| 65 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 waving | obl |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 waving | punct |
| 67 | arrested | arrest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 more | conj |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 arm | det |
| 69 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 arrested | obj |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 trembling | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 trembling | det |
| 72 | trembling | trembling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 arm | nmod |
| 73 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 74 astonished | cc |
| 74 | astonished | astonish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 arrested | conj |
| 75 | Calif | Calif | PROPN | Number=Sing | 74 astonished | obj |
| 76 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 said | punct |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 said | cc |
| 78 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 arrested | conj |
| 79 | with | with | ADP | _ | 82 smile | case |
| 80 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 82 smile | det |
| 81 | majestic | majestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 smile | amod |
| 82 | smile | smile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 said | obl |
| 83 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 85 Follow | punct |
| 84 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 85 Follow | punct |
| 85 | Follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 78 said | ccomp |
| 86 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 85 Follow | obj |
| 87 | to | to | ADP | _ | 89 top | case |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 top | det |
| 89 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 Follow | obl |
| 90 | of | of | ADP | _ | 92 mountain | case |
| 91 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 92 mountain | det |
| 92 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 89 top | nmod |
| 93 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 85 Follow | punct |
| 94 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 raised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | raise | past | God | God's hand | moment | furiously property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | ||
| 2 | arm | past · perfect · passive | God's hand | with a dagger; Despair nsubj | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with dagger=Theme | ||||
| 3 | strike | to-infinitive | God not said here | God's bosom | deep property | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into bosom=Location | |||
| 4 | shoot | participle | lightning not said here | the cavern | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent through cavern=Destination | ||||
| 5 | is | gerund | thick flashes of lightning | than human beauty and magnitude; more property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | array | participle | human beauty and magnitude not said here | azure robes | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | crown | participle | azure robes not said here | with amaranth | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with amaranth=Theme | ||||
| 8 | wave | gerund | a branch of palm | in God's right hand | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent branch=Patient in hand=Theme | ||||
| 9 | arrest | past | thick flashes of lightning not said here | the arm of the trembling | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | ||||
| 10 | astonish | past | thick flashes of lightning not said here | Calif | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus calif=Experiencer | ||||
| 11 | say speech: assert | past | thick flashes of lightning not said here | with a majestic smile | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 12 | follow in a quote | infinitive | thick flashes of lightning = flash | the top of this mountain | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Theme to top=Trajectory | ||||
| 13 | bosom | God | nom bosom «state transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 14 | flash | lightning | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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