Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Bozaldab., sentence 7
This wealth he has now been taught not only to despise but abhor: he cast his jewels upon the sand, and confessed them to be useless; he offered part of them to the mariners, and perceived them to be pernicious: he has now learnt, that they are useful or vain, good or evil, only by the situation and temper of the possessor.
Who acts: wealth, charm, jewels · What happens: teach, not despise, abhor, cast, confess, be · To what, where: wealth, jewels, sand, part, mariners
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Bozaldab.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wealth, charm, jewels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 wealth | det |
| 2 | wealth | wealth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 taught | aux |
| 5 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 taught | advmod |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 taught | aux:pass |
| 7 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 despise | advmod |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 despise | advmod |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 despise | mark |
| 11 | despise | despise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 taught | xcomp |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 abhor | cc |
| 13 | abhor | abhor | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 despise | conj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 cast | punct |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 cast | nsubj |
| 16 | cast | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taught | parataxis |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 jewels | nmod:poss |
| 18 | jewels | jewel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 cast | obj |
| 19 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 21 sand | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sand | det |
| 21 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cast | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 confessed | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 confessed | cc |
| 24 | confessed | confess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 cast | conj |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 confessed | obj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 useless | mark |
| 27 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 useless | cop |
| 28 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 confessed | advcl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 offered | punct |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 offered | nsubj |
| 31 | offered | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taught | parataxis |
| 32 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 offered | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 part | nmod |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 mariners | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 mariners | det |
| 37 | mariners | mariner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 offered | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 perceived | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 perceived | cc |
| 40 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 offered | conj |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 perceived | obj |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 pernicious | mark |
| 43 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 44 pernicious | cop |
| 44 | pernicious | pernicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 perceived | advcl |
| 45 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 49 learnt | punct |
| 46 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 learnt | nsubj |
| 47 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 learnt | aux |
| 48 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 49 learnt | advmod |
| 49 | learnt | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 taught | conj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 useful | punct |
| 51 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 54 useful | mark |
| 52 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 54 useful | nsubj |
| 53 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 useful | cop |
| 54 | useful | useful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 learnt | parataxis |
| 55 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 56 vain | cc |
| 56 | vain | vain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 useful | conj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 good | punct |
| 58 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 useful | conj |
| 59 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 60 evil | cc |
| 60 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 good | conj |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 situation | punct |
| 62 | only | only | ADV | _ | 65 situation | advmod |
| 63 | by | by | ADP | _ | 65 situation | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 situation | det |
| 65 | situation | situation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 learnt | obl |
| 66 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 temper | cc |
| 67 | temper | temper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 situation | conj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 70 possessor | case |
| 69 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 possessor | det |
| 70 | possessor | possessor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 situation | nmod |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | present · perfect · passive | this wealth | now | charm nsubj:pass | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | not despise | to-infinitive | this wealth not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | abhor | present | this wealth not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | cast | past | charm | charm's jewels | the sand | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent jewel=Theme upon sand=Destination | |||
| 5 | confess | past | charm not said here | jewels = jewel | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic | ||||
| 6 | is | to-infinitive | charm not said here | useless property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | offer | past | charm | part of jewels | to the mariners goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent part=Theme to mariner=Goal | |||
| 8 | perceive | past | charm not said here | jewels = jewel | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 9 | is | to-infinitive | charm not said here | pernicious property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | learn | present · perfect | charm | now | by the situation of the possessor and temper | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 11 | is | present | jewels = jewel | useful property | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | be | jewels = jewel not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 13 | be | jewels = jewel not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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