Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Omar., sentence 23
I now repined at the obscurity of my station, which my former insensibility had perpetuated: I neglected my labour, because I despised the reward; I spent the day in idleness, forming romantic projects to recover the advantages which I had lost; and at night, instead of losing myself in that sweet and refreshing sleep, from which I used to rise with new health, cheerfulness, and vigour, I dreamt of splendid habits and a numerous retinue, of gardens, palaces, eunuchs, and women, and waked only to regret the illusions that had vanished.
Who acts: I, illusions · What happens: repine, perpetuate, neglect, despise, spend, form · To what, where: obscurity, former insensibility, labour, reward, idleness, romantic projects
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Omar.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, illusions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 repined | nsubj |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 repined | advmod |
| 3 | repined | repine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 obscurity | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 obscurity | det |
| 6 | obscurity | obscurity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 repined | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 station | case |
| 8 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 station | nmod:poss |
| 9 | station | station | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 obscurity | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 perpetuated | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 perpetuated | obj |
| 12 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 insensibility | nmod:poss |
| 13 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 insensibility | amod |
| 14 | insensibility | insensibility | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 perpetuated | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 perpetuated | aux |
| 16 | perpetuated | perpetuate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 station | acl:relcl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 neglected | punct |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 neglected | nsubj |
| 19 | neglected | neglect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 repined | parataxis |
| 20 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 labour | nmod:poss |
| 21 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 neglected | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 despised | punct |
| 23 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 25 despised | mark |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 despised | nsubj |
| 25 | despised | despise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 neglected | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 reward | det |
| 27 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 despised | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 spent | punct |
| 29 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 spent | nsubj |
| 30 | spent | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 repined | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 day | det |
| 32 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 spent | obj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 idleness | case |
| 34 | idleness | idleness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 spent | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 forming | punct |
| 36 | forming | form | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 spent | advcl |
| 37 | romantic | romantic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 projects | amod |
| 38 | projects | project | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 forming | obj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 recover | mark |
| 40 | recover | recover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 forming | advcl |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 advantages | det |
| 42 | advantages | advantage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 recover | obj |
| 43 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 lost | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 46 lost | nsubj |
| 45 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 lost | aux |
| 46 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 advantages | acl:relcl |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 50 night | punct |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 night | cc |
| 49 | at | at | ADP | _ | 50 night | case |
| 50 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 repined | obl:unmarked |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 losing | punct |
| 52 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 54 losing | mark |
| 53 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 instead | fixed |
| 54 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 repined | advcl |
| 55 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 54 losing | obj |
| 56 | in | in | ADP | _ | 58 sweet | case |
| 57 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 58 sweet | nsubj |
| 58 | sweet | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 losing | obl |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 refreshing | cc |
| 60 | refreshing | refresh | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 54 losing | conj |
| 61 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 refreshing | obj |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 used | punct |
| 63 | from | from | ADP | _ | 64 which | case |
| 64 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 66 used | obl |
| 65 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 66 used | nsubj |
| 66 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 repined | conj |
| 67 | to | to | PART | _ | 68 rise | mark |
| 68 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 66 used | xcomp |
| 69 | with | with | ADP | _ | 71 health | case |
| 70 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 health | amod |
| 71 | health | health | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 rise | obl |
| 72 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 cheerfulness | punct |
| 73 | cheerfulness | cheerfulness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 health | conj |
| 74 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 vigour | punct |
| 75 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 76 vigour | cc |
| 76 | vigour | vigour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 66 used | parataxis |
| 77 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 dreamt | punct |
| 78 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 79 dreamt | nsubj |
| 79 | dreamt | dreamt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 repined | parataxis |
| 80 | of | of | ADP | _ | 82 habits | case |
| 81 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 habits | amod |
| 82 | habits | habit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 dreamt | obl |
| 83 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 86 retinue | cc |
| 84 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 86 retinue | det |
| 85 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 86 retinue | amod |
| 86 | retinue | retinue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 82 habits | conj |
| 87 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 gardens | punct |
| 88 | of | of | ADP | _ | 89 gardens | case |
| 89 | gardens | garden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 82 habits | conj |
| 90 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 91 palaces | punct |
| 91 | palaces | palace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 82 habits | conj |
| 92 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 93 eunuchs | punct |
| 93 | eunuchs | eunuch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 91 palaces | conj |
| 94 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 96 women | punct |
| 95 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 96 women | cc |
| 96 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 79 dreamt | obl |
| 97 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 99 waked | punct |
| 98 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 99 waked | cc |
| 99 | waked | wake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 79 dreamt | conj |
| 100 | only | only | ADV | _ | 102 regret | advmod |
| 101 | to | to | PART | _ | 102 regret | mark |
| 102 | regret | regret | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 99 waked | xcomp |
| 103 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 104 illusions | det |
| 104 | illusions | illusion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 102 regret | obj |
| 105 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 107 vanished | nsubj |
| 106 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 107 vanished | aux |
| 107 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 104 illusions | acl:relcl |
| 108 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 repined | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | repine | past | I | the obscurity of my station | now; night | tree rules | |||
| 2 | perpetuate | past · perfect · passive | my former insensibility | my station obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | neglect | past | I | my labour | vn neglect-75.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent labour=Theme | ||||
| 4 | despise | past | I | the reward | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reward=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | spend | past | I | idleness | day | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 6 | form | gerund | I not said here | romantic projects | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location project=Theme | ||||
| 7 | recover | to-infinitive | I not said here | the advantages | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme | ||||
| 8 | lose | past · perfect · passive | the advantages | I nsubj | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 9 | lose | gerund | I not said here | myself | sweet that | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent myself=Eventuality | |||
| 10 | refresh | gerund | I not said here | sleep | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus sleep=Experiencer | ||||
| 11 | use | past | I | which obl; vigour parataxis | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 12 | rise | to-infinitive | I not said here | with new health and cheerfulness | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 13 | dreamt | past | I | women | of splendid habits and a numerous retinue and gardens and palaces and eunuchs | tree rules | |||
| 14 | wake | participle | I not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 15 | regret | to-infinitive | I not said here | the illusions | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer illusion=Stimulus | ||||
| 16 | vanish | past · perfect | the illusions | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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