Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth, The Story of Omar., sentence 4
But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, and vivid with cheerfulness; but pale and dejected, sitting on the ground, and chewing opium, which contributed to substitute the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness.
Who acts: Calif, opium, my · What happens: find, not sing, sit, chew, contribute, substitute · To what, where: me, work, ground, opium, phantoms
This is a sentence of «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, The Story of Omar.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Calif, opium, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 found | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 found | nsubj |
| 3 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 found | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 singing | punct |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 singing | advmod |
| 7 | singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 found | advcl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 work | case |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 work | nmod:poss |
| 10 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 singing | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 ruddy | punct |
| 12 | ruddy | ruddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 work | amod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 health | case |
| 14 | health | health | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ruddy | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 vivid | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 vivid | cc |
| 17 | vivid | vivid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 ruddy | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 cheerfulness | case |
| 19 | cheerfulness | cheerfulness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 vivid | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 pale | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 pale | cc |
| 22 | pale | pale | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 found | parataxis |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 dejected | cc |
| 24 | dejected | dejected | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 pale | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sitting | punct |
| 26 | sitting | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 found | advcl |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 ground | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ground | det |
| 29 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sitting | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 chewing | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 chewing | cc |
| 32 | chewing | chew | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 sitting | conj |
| 33 | opium | opium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 chewing | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 contributed | punct |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 contributed | nsubj |
| 36 | contributed | contribute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 opium | acl:relcl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 substitute | mark |
| 38 | substitute | substitute | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 contributed | xcomp |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 phantoms | det |
| 40 | phantoms | phantom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 substitute | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 imagination | case |
| 42 | imagination | imagination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 phantoms | nmod |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 45 realities | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 realities | det |
| 45 | realities | reality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 imagination | nmod |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 greatness | case |
| 47 | greatness | greatness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 realities | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | Calif | me | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not sing speech: express | gerund | Calif not said here | my work | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at work=Location | ||||
| 3 | sit | gerund | Calif not said here | the ground | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location | ||||
| 4 | chew | gerund | Calif not said here | opium | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opium=Patient | ||||
| 5 | contribute | past | opium | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | substitute | to-infinitive | opium not said here | the phantoms of imagination for the realities of greatness | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme phantom=Location | ||||
| 7 | work | my | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Oriental tales, for the entertainment of youth» by Anonymous, Project Gutenberg book 62868 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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