The Yellow Fairy Book, The Donkey Cabbage, part 1, sentence 70
Four legs began to grow on him, a thick head, and two long ears, and he saw with horror that he had changed into a donkey.
Who acts: Four legs, Hunter · What happens: begin, grow, see, change · To what, where: thick head · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Donkey Cabbage, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Four legs, Hunter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 legs | nummod |
| 2 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 grow | mark |
| 5 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 grow | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 head | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 head | det |
| 10 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 head | amod |
| 11 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 grow | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 ears | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 ears | cc |
| 14 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 ears | nummod |
| 15 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 ears | amod |
| 16 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 began | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 saw | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 saw | cc |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | parataxis |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 horror | case |
| 22 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obl |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 changed | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 changed | nsubj |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 changed | aux |
| 26 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 saw | ccomp |
| 27 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 donkey | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 donkey | det |
| 29 | donkey | donkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 changed | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Four legs | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | grow | to-infinitive | Four legs not said here | a thick head | on Hunter | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on he=Location | |||
| 3 | see | past | Hunter | with horror | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | change | past · perfect | Hunter | into a donkey result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into donkey=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/10/70/