The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3, sentence 48
Already it was growing dark, when Iwanich perceived some figures in the distance; they soon came up to them, and then the Prince saw that it was the magician and his friends who were driving through the air in a carriage drawn by owls.
Who acts: ground, Iwanich, figures, Prince, friends · What happens: grow, perceive, come up, see, be, drive · To what, where: figures, spurs, magician, air, carriage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch and Her Servants(22), part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, Iwanich, figures, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Already | already | ADV | _ | 4 growing | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 growing | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 growing | aux |
| 4 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 perceived | advcl |
| 5 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 growing | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 perceived | punct |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 perceived | advmod |
| 8 | Iwanich | Iwanich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 perceived | nsubj |
| 9 | perceived | perceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 figures | det |
| 11 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 perceived | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 distance | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 distance | det |
| 14 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 perceived | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 came | punct |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 came | nsubj |
| 17 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 came | advmod |
| 18 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 perceived | parataxis |
| 19 | up | up | ADV | _ | 18 came | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 came | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 saw | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 saw | cc |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 saw | advmod |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Prince | det |
| 26 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 saw | nsubj |
| 27 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 came | conj |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 magician | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 magician | nsubj |
| 30 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 magician | cop |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 magician | det |
| 32 | magician | magician | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 saw | ccomp |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 friends | cc |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 friends | nmod:poss |
| 35 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 magician | conj |
| 36 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 driving | nsubj |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 driving | aux |
| 38 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 friends | acl:relcl |
| 39 | through | through | ADP | _ | 41 air | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 air | det |
| 41 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 driving | obl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 carriage | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 carriage | det |
| 44 | carriage | carriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 driving | obl |
| 45 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 carriage | acl |
| 46 | by | by | ADP | _ | 47 owls | case |
| 47 | owls | owl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 drawn | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 perceived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | past · progressive | ground | dark property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | perceive | past | Iwanich | some figures | in the distance | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer figure=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | come up | past | figures = figure | spurs = spur | soon property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to they=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | see | past | the Prince | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | ground | the magician and Iwanich's friends | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | drive | past · progressive | Iwanich's friends | the air | in a carriage | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through air=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | draw | participle | a carriage not said here | by owls | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/32/48/