The Yellow Fairy Book, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31), sentence 220
‘The cold winter is coming now,’ said the swallow.
Who acts: cold winter · What happens: come, say · To what, where: swallow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Witch in the Stone Boat(31). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cold winter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 coming | punct |
| 2 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 winter | det |
| 3 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 winter | amod |
| 4 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 coming | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 coming | aux |
| 6 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 said | ccomp |
| 7 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 coming | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 coming | punct |
| 9 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 6 coming | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 swallow | det |
| 12 | swallow | swallow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present · progressive | the cold winter | now | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the swallow | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/47/220/