The Yellow Fairy Book, The Nightingale, sentence 109

Then the artificial bird had to sing alone.

Who acts: artificial bird · What happens: have, sing

This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Nightingale. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (artificial bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 had	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bird	det
3	artificial	artificial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bird	amod
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 sing	mark
7	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 had	xcomp
8	alone	alone	ADV	_	7 sing	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the artificial bird				then		tree rules
2	sing speech: express	to-infinitive	the artificial bird not said here					alone property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/48/109/