The Yellow Fairy Book, The Dragon of the North(2), sentence 160
The youth trembled with horror, and his blood ran cold, yet he did not lose his courage; but, holding the iron spear upright in his hand, he brought it down with all his might right through the monster’s lower jaw.
Who acts: youth, wisdom · What happens: tremble, run, not lose, hold, bring down · To what, where: youth, courage, iron spear, hand, spear
This is a sentence of «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Dragon of the North(2). The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, wisdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 youth | det |
| 2 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 youth | acl |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 horror | case |
| 5 | horror | horror | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 trembled | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ran | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 ran | cc |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 blood | nmod:poss |
| 9 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ran | nsubj |
| 10 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ran | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 lose | punct |
| 13 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 17 lose | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 lose | nsubj |
| 15 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 lose | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 lose | advmod |
| 17 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 ran | advcl |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 courage | nmod:poss |
| 19 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 lose | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 brought | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 brought | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 but | punct |
| 23 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 brought | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 spear | det |
| 25 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 spear | compound |
| 26 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 holding | obj |
| 27 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 23 holding | advmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 hand | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 hand | nmod:poss |
| 30 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 holding | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 holding | punct |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 brought | nsubj |
| 33 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 ran | conj |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 brought | obj |
| 35 | down | down | ADP | _ | 33 brought | compound:prt |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 46 jaw | case |
| 37 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 46 jaw | det:predet |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 39 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 jaw | aux |
| 40 | right | right | ADV | _ | 46 jaw | advmod |
| 41 | through | through | ADP | _ | 46 jaw | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 monster | det |
| 43 | monster | monster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 44 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 43 monster | case |
| 45 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 46 jaw | amod |
| 46 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 brought | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tremble | participle | the youth not said here | with horror | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | run | past | the youth | cold property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not lose | past · do-support | wisdom | wisdom's courage | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | hold | gerund | wisdom not said here | the iron spear | wisdom's hand | upright property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent spear=Theme in hand=Location | ||
| 5 | bring down | past | wisdom | spear | with wisdom's lower jaw | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Yellow Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 640 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg640/5/160/