The Violet Fairy Book, The Violet Fairy Book, sentence 24
But who really invented the stories nobody knows; it is all so long ago, long before reading and writing were invented.
Who acts: nobody, opinion · What happens: invent, know, be, read, write · To what, where: stories
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Violet Fairy Book. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobody, opinion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 invented | cc |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 invented | nsubj |
| 3 | really | really | ADV | _ | 4 invented | advmod |
| 4 | invented | invent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 stories | det |
| 6 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 invented | obj |
| 7 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 8 knows | nsubj |
| 8 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 stories | acl:relcl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 ago | punct |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 ago | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 ago | cop |
| 12 | all | all | ADV | _ | 15 ago | advmod |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 ago | advmod |
| 14 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 ago | advmod |
| 15 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 4 invented | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 long | punct |
| 17 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 invented | advmod |
| 18 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 19 reading | mark |
| 19 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 invented | advcl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 writing | cc |
| 21 | writing | write | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 reading | conj |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 invented | aux:pass |
| 23 | invented | invent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 writing | xcomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 invented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | invent | past | the stories | long property | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Result | ||||
| 2 | know | present | nobody | the stories not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | opinion | ago, all, long property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | read | gerund | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | write | gerund | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 6 | invent | past · passive | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/1/24/