The Violet Fairy Book, Two in a Sack, sentence 66
And the two ruffians kept on beating as they sang:
Who acts: ruffians · What happens: keep, sing · To what, where: two ruffians, beating
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Two in a Sack. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ruffians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 ruffians | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 ruffians | det |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 ruffians | nummod |
| 4 | ruffians | ruffian | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 ruffians | acl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 beating | case |
| 7 | beating | beating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kept | obl |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 sang | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 sang | nsubj |
| 10 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 kept | advcl |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 ruffians | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | participle | the two ruffians not said here | beating | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on beating=Location | ||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | past | ruffians = ruffian | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/17/66/