The Violet Fairy Book, A Tale of the Tontlawald, sentence 64
‘We must sing you a song in return,’ said the girl, but as Elsa did not know any songs, she had to sing by herself.
Who acts: We, girl · What happens: sing, say, not know, have · To what, where: song, you, return, songs · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, A Tale of the Tontlawald. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 sing | punct |
| 2 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 sing | nsubj |
| 3 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 sing | aux |
| 4 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | ccomp |
| 5 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 sing | iobj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 song | det |
| 7 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sing | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 return | case |
| 9 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sing | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 sing | punct |
| 11 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 sing | punct |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 girl | det |
| 14 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | nsubj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 know | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 know | cc |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 Elsa | case |
| 18 | Elsa | Elsa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 know | obl |
| 19 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 know | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 know | advmod |
| 21 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | ccomp |
| 22 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 songs | det |
| 23 | songs | song | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 know | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 know | conj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 sing | mark |
| 28 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 had | xcomp |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 herself | case |
| 30 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 28 sing | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sing speech: express | must | We | a song | you | return | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary song=Theme | ||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the girl | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | not know | past · do-support | any songs | as Elsa | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer song=Stimulus as elsa=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | have | past | girl | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | sing speech: express | to-infinitive | girl not said here | by girl | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by herself=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/2/64/