The Violet Fairy Book, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2, sentence 82
The Welwa uttered a neigh so loud that Petru thought he would be deaf for life, and then, though she too was nearly spent, flung herself upon her enemy; but Petru was on the watch and threw the bridle over her head, as she rushed on, so that when the day broke there were three horses trotting beside him.
Who acts: Welwa, Petru, Strike, day, three horses · What happens: utter, think, be, spend, fling, throw · To what, where: neigh, Strike, enemy, watch, bridle, head · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Fairy of the Dawn, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Welwa, Petru, Strike, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Welwa | det |
| 2 | Welwa | Welwa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 uttered | nsubj |
| 3 | uttered | utter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 neigh | det |
| 5 | neigh | neigh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uttered | obj |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 7 loud | advmod |
| 7 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 neigh | amod |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 thought | mark |
| 9 | Petru | Petru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 thought | nsubj |
| 10 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 loud | advcl |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 deaf | nsubj |
| 12 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 deaf | aux |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 deaf | cop |
| 14 | deaf | deaf | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 thought | ccomp |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 life | case |
| 16 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 deaf | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 spent | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 spent | cc |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 spent | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 spent | punct |
| 21 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 26 spent | mark |
| 22 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 spent | nsubj |
| 23 | too | too | ADV | _ | 26 spent | advmod |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 spent | aux:pass |
| 25 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 26 spent | advmod |
| 26 | spent | spend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 uttered | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 flung | punct |
| 28 | flung | fling | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 uttered | conj |
| 29 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 28 flung | obj |
| 30 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 32 enemy | case |
| 31 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 32 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 flung | obl |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 watch | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 39 watch | cc |
| 35 | Petru | Petru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 watch | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 watch | cop |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 watch | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 watch | det |
| 39 | watch | watch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uttered | parataxis |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 threw | cc |
| 41 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 uttered | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 bridle | det |
| 43 | bridle | bridle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 threw | obj |
| 44 | over | over | ADP | _ | 46 head | case |
| 45 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 head | nmod:poss |
| 46 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 threw | obl |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 rushed | punct |
| 48 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 50 rushed | mark |
| 49 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 rushed | nsubj |
| 50 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 uttered | parataxis |
| 51 | on | on | ADV | _ | 50 rushed | advmod |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 broke | punct |
| 53 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 58 broke | mark |
| 54 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 so | fixed |
| 55 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 58 broke | advmod |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 day | det |
| 57 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 broke | nsubj |
| 58 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 rushed | parataxis |
| 59 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 60 were | expl |
| 60 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 broke | conj |
| 61 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 62 horses | nummod |
| 62 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 were | nsubj |
| 63 | trotting | trot | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 62 horses | acl |
| 64 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 65 him | case |
| 65 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 trotting | obl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 uttered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | utter speech: other | past | the Welwa | a neigh | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent neigh=Topic | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | Petru | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | would | Petru | for life; deaf property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | spend | past · passive | Strike | then | nearly property | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | |||
| 5 | fling | past | the Welwa not said here | Strike | Strike's enemy | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent herself=Theme upon enemy=Destination | |||
| 6 | is | past | Petru | the watch | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | throw | past | the Welwa not said here | the bridle | Strike's head | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bridle=Theme over head=Destination | |||
| 8 | rush | past | Strike | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | break | past | the day | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 10 | be | past | three horses | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 11 | trot | gerund | three horses not said here | beside Petru | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside he=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/20/82/