The Violet Fairy Book, Jesper Who Herded the Hares, sentence 53
Now Jesper had always heard the ants spoken of as clever and industrious little creatures, while he never heard anyone say a good word for the beetles, so he agreed to give the wished-for help.
Who acts: Jesper, anyone · What happens: hear, speak, not hear, say, agree, give · To what, where: Jesper, ants, good word, wished help · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Jesper Who Herded the Hares. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jesper, anyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 heard | advmod |
| 2 | Jesper | Jesper | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | aux |
| 4 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 5 heard | advmod |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ants | det |
| 7 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 heard | obj |
| 8 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 ants | acl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 spoken | obl |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 creatures | case |
| 11 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 creatures | amod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 industrious | cc |
| 13 | industrious | industrious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 clever | conj |
| 14 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 creatures | amod |
| 15 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 spoken | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 heard | punct |
| 17 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 20 heard | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 heard | nsubj |
| 19 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 20 heard | advmod |
| 20 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | parataxis |
| 21 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 22 say | nsubj |
| 22 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 heard | ccomp |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 word | det |
| 24 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 word | amod |
| 25 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 say | obj |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 beetles | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 beetles | det |
| 28 | beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 word | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 agreed | punct |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 agreed | advmod |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 agreed | nsubj |
| 32 | agreed | agree | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 heard | conj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 give | mark |
| 34 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 agreed | xcomp |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 help | det |
| 36 | wished | wish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 help | amod |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 wished | punct |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 help | case |
| 39 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 give | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · perfect · passive | Jesper | now | always property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | participle | the ants not said here | as clever little creatures | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | not hear | past | Jesper | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | infinitive | anyone | a good word | for the beetles | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic | |||
| 5 | agree speech: agree | past | Jesper | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | give not said to happen | to-infinitive | Jesper not said here | the wished help | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme | ||||
| 7 | wish | participle | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/24/53/