The Violet Fairy Book, The Nunda, Eater of People, sentence 20

And he cried aloud, ‘What am I to say to my father?

Who acts: lad, I · What happens: cry, say · To what, where: father · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Nunda, Eater of People. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lad, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	And	and	CCONJ	_	3 cried	cc
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 cried	nsubj
3	cried	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	aloud	aloud	ADV	_	3 cried	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 say	punct
6	‘	'	PUNCT	_	11 say	punct
7	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 say	obj
8	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 say	aux
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 say	nsubj
10	to	to	PART	_	11 say	mark
11	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 cried	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 father	case
13	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 father	nmod:poss
14	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 say	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 cried	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	past	lad					aloud property	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	say speech: assert	present	I		my father				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Topic to father=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/29/20/