The Violet Fairy Book, The Finest Liar in the World, sentence 40
‘Now it happened that I had with me a small hatchet, and this I took to the wood, hoping to meet some animal which I could kill, whose skin I might turn into a bag.
Who acts: it, I, this, animal, skin · What happens: happen, have, take, hope, meet, kill · To what, where: small hatchet, animal, bag
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Finest Liar in the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, I, this, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
| 2 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 happened | advmod |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 happened | nsubj |
| 4 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 had | mark |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 happened | advcl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 me | case |
| 9 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 had | obl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 hatchet | det |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 hatchet | amod |
| 12 | hatchet | hatchet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 took | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 took | cc |
| 15 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 took | nsubj |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 took | nsubj |
| 17 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 happened | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 wood | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 wood | det |
| 20 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 took | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 hoping | punct |
| 22 | hoping | hope | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 took | advcl |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 meet | mark |
| 24 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 hoping | xcomp |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 animal | det |
| 26 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 meet | obj |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 kill | nsubj |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 kill | nsubj |
| 29 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 kill | aux |
| 30 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 animal | acl:relcl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 turn | punct |
| 32 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 33 skin | nmod:poss |
| 33 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 turn | nsubj |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 turn | nsubj |
| 35 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 turn | aux |
| 36 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 kill | conj |
| 37 | into | into | ADP | _ | 39 bag | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 bag | det |
| 39 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 turn | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | it | now | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have | past | I | a small hatchet | with me | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hatchet=Patient | |||
| 3 | take | past | this | to the wood result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to wood=Result | ||||
| 4 | hope | gerund | this not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | meet not said to happen | to-infinitive | this not said here | some animal | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | kill | could | some animal | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | turn | might | skin | a bag | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into bag=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/3/40/