The Violet Fairy Book, The Headless Dwarfs, sentence 26
At last he reached the top, and as he paused for a moment to look round him he saw another headless man cowering in the very bell itself, waiting till Hans should seize the bell-pull in order to strike him a blow with the clapper, which would soon have made an end of him.
Who acts: fellow, headless man · What happens: reach, pause, look, see, cower, wait · To what, where: top, last, bell, bell pull, fellow, clapper · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow, headless man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 reached | nsubj |
| 4 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 top | det |
| 6 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reached | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 paused | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 paused | cc |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 paused | mark |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 paused | nsubj |
| 11 | paused | pause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 reached | conj |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 moment | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 moment | det |
| 14 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 paused | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 look | mark |
| 16 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 paused | advcl |
| 17 | round | round | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 look | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 look | advcl |
| 21 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 23 man | det |
| 22 | headless | headless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 man | amod |
| 23 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 seize | nsubj |
| 24 | cowering | cower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 man | acl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 bell | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 bell | det |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 bell | advmod |
| 28 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 cowering | obl |
| 29 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 28 bell | nmod:unmarked |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 waiting | punct |
| 31 | waiting | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 cowering | conj |
| 32 | till | till | ADP | _ | 33 Hans | case |
| 33 | Hans | Hans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 waiting | obl |
| 34 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 seize | aux |
| 35 | seize | seize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 saw | ccomp |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 pull | det |
| 37 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pull | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 bell | punct |
| 39 | pull | pull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 seize | obj |
| 40 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 43 strike | mark |
| 41 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 in | fixed |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 strike | mark |
| 43 | strike | strike | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 seize | advcl |
| 44 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 strike | obj |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 blow | det |
| 46 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 strike | obj |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 clapper | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 clapper | det |
| 49 | clapper | clapper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 blow | nmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 made | punct |
| 51 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 55 made | nsubj:pass |
| 52 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 55 made | aux |
| 53 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 55 made | advmod |
| 54 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 55 made | aux |
| 55 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 clapper | acl:relcl |
| 56 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 end | det |
| 57 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 made | obj |
| 58 | of | of | ADP | _ | 59 him | case |
| 59 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 end | nmod |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | fellow | the top | last | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent top=Theme at last=Asset | |||
| 2 | pause | past | fellow | moment | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | look | to-infinitive | fellow not said here | round fellow | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent round he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | see | past | fellow | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | cower | gerund | another headless man not said here | the bell top | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | wait | gerund | another headless man not said here | till Hans | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | seize | should | another headless man | the bell pull | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pull=Theme | ||||
| 8 | strike | to-infinitive | another headless man not said here | fellow | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent he=Patient blow=Result | ||||
| 9 | make | would · perfect · passive | the clapper | soon property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary end=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/33/26/