The Violet Fairy Book, The Headless Dwarfs, sentence 90
His friends were much surprised to see him drive up without a coachman, and thought some accident had happened.
Who acts: friends, minister, accident · What happens: be, see, drive up, think, happen · To what, where: minister · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, minister, accident), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 friends | nmod:poss |
| 2 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 surprised | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 surprised | cop |
| 4 | much | much | ADV | _ | 5 surprised | advmod |
| 5 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 see | mark |
| 7 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 surprised | advcl |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 see | obj |
| 9 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 see | xcomp |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 drive | compound:prt |
| 11 | without | without | ADP | _ | 13 coachman | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 coachman | det |
| 13 | coachman | coachman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 drive | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 thought | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 thought | cc |
| 16 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 surprised | parataxis |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 accident | det |
| 18 | accident | accident | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 happened | nsubj |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 happened | aux |
| 20 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 thought | ccomp |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 surprised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | minister's friends | surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | minister's friends not said here | minister | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | drive up | infinitive | minister not said here | without a coachman | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | past | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | happen | past · perfect | some accident | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/33/90/