The Violet Fairy Book, The Headless Dwarfs, sentence 98

It is he!’ and one of them stepping nearer exclaimed, ‘Ah, my old friend! it is a lucky chance that has brought us here.

Who acts: sight, one, dwarf · What happens: be, step, exclaim, friend, bring · To what, where: dwarf, lucky chance

This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Headless Dwarfs. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sight, one, dwarf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 he	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 he	cop
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 chance	nsubj
4	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 he	punct
5	’	'	PUNCT	_	3 he	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 friend	cc
7	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 friend	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 them	case
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 one	nmod
10	stepping	step	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 friend	csubj
11	nearer	near	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 exclaimed	advmod
12	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 stepping	xcomp
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 friend	punct
14	‘	'	PUNCT	_	19 friend	punct
15	Ah	ah	INTJ	_	19 friend	discourse
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Ah	punct
17	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 friend	nmod:poss
18	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 friend	amod
19	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 he	conj
20	!	!	PUNCT	_	3 he	punct
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 chance	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 chance	cop
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 chance	det
24	lucky	lucky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 chance	amod
25	chance	chance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
26	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 brought	nsubj:pass
27	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 brought	aux
28	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 chance	acl
29	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 brought	obj
30	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	28 brought	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	25 chance	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	sight	dwarf			tree rules
2	step	gerund					tree rules
3	exclaim speech: express	participle				near property	vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
4	friend		one of Hans				tree rules
5	is a	present	dwarf	a lucky chance			tree rules
6	bring	present · perfect · passive		a lucky chance	here		vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme we=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/33/98/