The Violet Fairy Book, The Boys With the Golden Stars, sentence 45
In each day they added a year’s growth, and each night they added a year’s growth, and at dawn, when the stars faded out of the sky, they grew three years’ growth in the twinkling of an eye, and their boughs swept across the palace windows.
Who acts: aspens, stars, boughs, year, three years · What happens: add, fade, grow, sweep · To what, where: growth, sky, twinkling, palace windows
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Boys With the Golden Stars. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (aspens, stars, boughs, year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 day | case |
| 2 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 day | det |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 added | obl |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 added | nsubj |
| 5 | added | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 year | det |
| 7 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 growth | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 year | case |
| 9 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 added | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 added | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 added | cc |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 night | det |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 added | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 added | nsubj |
| 15 | added | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 added | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 year | det |
| 17 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 growth | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 17 year | case |
| 19 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 added | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grew | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 grew | cc |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 dawn | case |
| 23 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grew | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 faded | punct |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 faded | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 stars | det |
| 27 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 faded | nsubj |
| 28 | faded | fade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 dawn | parataxis |
| 29 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 sky | case |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 sky | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 sky | det |
| 32 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 faded | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 dawn | punct |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 grew | nsubj |
| 35 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 added | conj |
| 36 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 years | nummod |
| 37 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 growth | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 37 years | case |
| 39 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grew | obj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 twinkling | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 twinkling | det |
| 42 | twinkling | twinkling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grew | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 eye | case |
| 44 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 eye | det |
| 45 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 twinkling | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 swept | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 swept | cc |
| 48 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 boughs | nmod:poss |
| 49 | boughs | bough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 swept | nsubj |
| 50 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 grew | conj |
| 51 | across | across | ADP | _ | 54 windows | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 windows | det |
| 53 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 windows | compound |
| 54 | windows | window | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 swept | obl |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 added | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | add speech: assert | past | aspens = aspen | a year's growth | day | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Patient | |||
| 2 | add speech: assert | past | aspens = aspen | a year's growth | night | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Patient | |||
| 3 | fade | past | the stars | the sky | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow | past | aspens = aspen | three years's growth | the twinkling of a eye | dawn | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location growth=Theme | ||
| 5 | sweep | past | aspens's boughs | the palace windows | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across window=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | grow | a year | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 7 | grow | a year | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | grow | three years | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/35/45/