The Violet Fairy Book, The Frog, sentence 35
The two eldest sons departed, and returned shortly, leading with them two great mastiffs, who growled so fiercely, and looked so savage, that the mere sight of them made the mother tremble with fear.
Who acts: two eldest sons, two great mastiffs, mere sight · What happens: depart, return, lead, growl, look, make · To what, where: two great mastiffs, mother tremble, sons
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Frog. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two eldest sons, two great mastiffs, mere sight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 sons | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 sons | nummod |
| 3 | eldest | eld | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 sons | amod |
| 4 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 departed | nsubj |
| 5 | departed | depart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 returned | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 returned | cc |
| 8 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 departed | conj |
| 9 | shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 8 returned | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 leading | punct |
| 11 | leading | lead | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 returned | advcl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 leading | obl |
| 14 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 mastiffs | nummod |
| 15 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 mastiffs | amod |
| 16 | mastiffs | mastiff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leading | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 growled | punct |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 growled | nsubj |
| 19 | growled | growl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 mastiffs | acl:relcl |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 fiercely | advmod |
| 21 | fiercely | fiercely | ADV | _ | 19 growled | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 looked | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 looked | cc |
| 24 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 departed | parataxis |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 savage | advmod |
| 26 | savage | savage | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 looked | xcomp |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 made | punct |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 made | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 sight | det |
| 30 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 sight | amod |
| 31 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 made | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 them | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 sight | nmod |
| 34 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 looked | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 tremble | det |
| 36 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 tremble | compound |
| 37 | tremble | tremble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 made | obj |
| 38 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 fear | case |
| 39 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 tremble | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 departed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | depart | past | the two eldest sons | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | return | past | the two eldest sons not said here | shortly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lead | gerund | the two eldest sons not said here | two great mastiffs | with sons = son | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mastiff=Theme | |||
| 4 | growl | past | two great mastiffs | fiercely property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | look | past | savage property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | make | past | the mere sight of sons | the mother tremble | with fear | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tremble=Product | |||
| 7 | sight | sons = son | nom sight «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/36/35/